Target Odor : (aka Source) odors which detector dog are trained to detect. 

Temperament : The general consistence with which the animal behaves. 

Thermal : Layers of air, separated by temperature (and humidity).

Tracking  (Dog): dogs are able to follow a human scent, by following the footsteps. Tracking dogs may also be following the odor of crushed vegetation and soil bacterial action. 

Visualize the dog's Nose Down, working within a few feet of the actual track.

Trailing  (Dog): dogs are scent specific and require a scent article, with a track.

Visualize the dog's Nose Down and Up, working some distance from the actual footsteps.

Turbulent Air Flow : When flowing air hits an obstacle/object and causes airflow chaos.